Stacking Images with Photoshop ______________________________________________________________________________ This was "purloined" this from another site (you might want to take a peek at astro-imaging on the Yahoo forums): Stacking in Photoshop This is how to do it: 1) First subtract the dark frame from each picture (use Difference in the Layer Window), then flatten, 2) With these preprocessed frames, copy and paste all of them into separate layers of one picture, 3) Align the layers (use opacity 50% for the layer to be aligned, make others invisible, except the "reference" layer, return opacity back to 100% and blink to check the alignment, cursor buttons are great for fine tuning), 4a) Averaging: set the opacity of the first layer to 100%, the next to 50% (1/2), then to 33% (1/3), 25% (1/4), 20% (1/5) etc., *OR* 4b) Adding: invert each layer separately (Image->Adjust->Invert), then add them by selecting "Multiply" in the layer menu (except for the bottom layer) Experiment with these two techniques, they seem to have different pros and cons and work with different kind of images. 5) Save the image here as a Photoshop file (huge file!), so that you can come back if you find everything was not right in the next step, 6) Flatten the image and save it as a JPG file (so that you don't accidentally press ctrl-S by instinct and lose the layered PSD file - been there myself...), 7) Now is the time to play around with levels and other adjustments to make it look pretty, and save the final version. Or many versions, as I've found that some setting show faint stars the best while others show DSOs better.